Carmen Fracchia

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Overview
Overview
Biography
Trained originally in Italian art history of the early modern period, I am a specialist in Hispanic Art History, with particular interest in relations between the Spanish visual form of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and issues of 'blackness', 'slavery' and 'freedom', 'human diversity' and 'race', and, religion, and, intellectual thought in the formation of the Iberian Empire.
My current research focuses on:
- the overlooked area of the complex specificity of slave subjectivity in the visual form
- the visual and cultural contribution made by Afro-Spanish enslaved and freed artists between 1480-1700 in Hapsburg Spain.
- the case of the Afro-Spanish painter Juan de Pareja (c.1606-1670), ex-enslaved assistant to Diego Velázquez in Madrid at the Spanish Court and in Rome in the Papal Court.
Highlights
FORTHCOMING EXHIBITION
Juan de Pareja: Afro-Hispanic Painter
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 3 April-16 July 2023
I was a member of the Advisory Committee for this exhibition, the first ever to collect Juan de Pareja's paintings. I will also participate on the audio guide for this exhibition by giving my interpretation of Pareja's main work The Calling of St Matthew. See chapter 06 from my book 'Black but Human': Slavery and Visual Art in Hapsburg Spain, 1480-1700 (OUP: 2019).
Collaboration with the North Carolina Museum of Art (NCMA)
I signed a contract with the North Carolina Museum of Art (NCMA) to write a NCMA Community Voice label on the Spanish painting Man Milling Cacao into Chocolate in their collection by February 2023 that will double as a NCMA handbook entry. Future collaborations include the co-curating of an exhibition around this painting.
Keynote lecture
23 September 2022. 'The Afro-Hispanic Presence in Britain's Regional Collections.'. Two-day conference 'Hispanic Art in British Regional Collections: History, Display, Research'. Spanish Gallery, Bishop Auckland & Ushaw College Durham, supported by the Spanish Embassy and Durham University.
Invited to give the keynote lecture ‘Spanish Art and Race’.
FORTHCOMING PAPERBACK EDITION OF MY BOOK
'Black but Human': Slavery and Visual Art in Hapsburg Spain, 1480-1700
This item is not yet published, but may be pre-ordered now for delivery when available.
Published: 28 February 2023 (Estimated)
256 Pages | 63 colour, 27 b/w, plus 16pp colour plate section
234x156mm
ISBN: 9780198881063
Short Documentary Catalina de Motril
I feel extremely proud of the short documentary, Catalina de Motril recently created by Nadia Nadif, actress and producer. I have the priviledge to be a member of the Catalina team since 2020. I was invited to conduct research about Catalina, an enslaved North-African Muslim young woman, who left Spain with her owner Catherine of Aragon to move to London. Here, the Spanish princess married Henry VIII. The Catalina story was based on Nadia's original idea for which Lauren Jonhson provided the historical research on the English side. This documentary is a taste for the feature film directed by Fawaz Al-Matrouk, with script by Hassan Abdulrazzak and music by award-winning Leah Curtis, is to be released in 2024.
FORTHCOMING: KEYNOTE LECTURE, 19-23 July 2023.
Society for Renaissance Studies 10th Biennial Conference: “Difficult Pasts”
University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University.
Invited as keynote speaker with Herman L. Bennett (CUNY), Islam Issa (Birmingham City University) and Patricia Palmer (Maynooth University).
BOOK
REVIEWS
'Black but Human' is the uncomfortable fore-title of a book of an uncomfortable topic, published at a time when thoughtfully historicized treatments of race and colour are sorely needed. The visual and textual evidence that it assembles will be of substantial interest to those who study the history of race and colour in visual culture, and its original framing opens the way to those who will wish to take its arguments further." - Pamela A. Patton, Princeton University.
"Fracchia’s groundbreaking book, rich in untapped archival sources, lays a foundation for a new understanding of racial blackness and its representation in the Iberian-Atlantic world. Fracchia integrates diasporic African cultural production and its reception with unprecedented depth and clarity—essential reading for anyone interested in race, aesthetics, art history, cultural studies, Atlantic history, and black studies.”- Jesse McCarthy, Harvard University.
"A wonderful, scholarly, imaginative and necessary work. The work on the miracle of the black leg is extraordinary. " - Marcus Wood, University of Sussex.
Exhibition: 13 May-18 September 2022
La Voce delle Ombre. Presenze africane nell'arte dell'Italia settentrionale [XVI-XIX]
The Voice of the Shadows. African Presence in the Art of Northern Italy [16th-19th Centuries]
For the catalogue and summary see:
https://www.silvanaeditoriale.it/libro/9788836651702
Museo delle Culture di Milano-MUDEC
As a member of the Scientific Committee for this exhibition, I was invited to write about the 'The Iconography of the Miracle of the Black Leg' for the wonderful catalogue with contributions by Federica Morelli, Giulia Bonazza, Luca Tozzi and Silvio Leydi. This is one of the first exhibitions dedicated to the visual representation of African people in the North of Italy from the early modern period to the nineteenth century.
Qualifications
- PhD (London), University College London, 1996
- Laurea (Siena), University of Siena, Italy, 1984
Web profiles
Administrative responsibilities
- Co-Director-Centre for Iberian and Latin American Visual Studies-CILAVS
- Chair, BA Sub-Board of Examiners, Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies
- Disability Lead for Cultures and Languages
- Tutor, under 18-applicants
- Tutor, BA SPLAS
Visiting posts
- Visiting Professor , University of Pittsburgh, USA, 09-2017 to 09-2017
- Visiting Professor, University of Chicago, USA, 02-2017 to 02-2017
- Visiting Professor, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico, 10-2015 to 10-2015
- Visiting Professor, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain, 04-2011 to 04-2011
- Visiting Professor, University of Granada, Spain, 10-2009 to 07-2013
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Research
Research
Research interests
- visual articulation of human diversity, race, hybridity and religion in early modern Spain and colonial Mexico
- visual representation of blackness, enslavery and freedom in early modern Spain
- artistic workshops in early modern Spain
- iconography of the miracle of the black leg
- portraiture and the unworthy subject, visual articulation of human diversity, subjectivity, agency, representation and self-representation
- early modern Spanish paintings
- early modern Spanish polychromed sculptures
Research overview
My pioneering research about the visual representation of blackness and slavery in the Kingdoms of Aragon and Castile in early modern Spain (15th C-17th C) is being:
- guided by archival study of visual and textual sources
- strengthened by
(a) three collaborative networks about Slavery and Abolitionism with the University of Granada (Spain), sponsored by the Spanish government
(b) appointments as visiting scholar at the:
- Department of Social Anthropology of the University of Granada (Spain)
- Department of Media Studies at the University Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid (Spain)
- Department of Philosophy and Literature at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (Mexico City)
- the Department of History of Art and Romance Languages and Literatures at the University of Chicago (USA)
- Department of Hispanic Languages and Literatures at the University of Pittsburgh (USA).
Research Centres and Institutes
- Co-Director, Centre for Iberian and Latin American Visual Studies (CILAVS)
- member, Medieval and Early Modern Worlds
Research clusters and groups
- invited member , CA18129 - Islamic Legacy: Narratives East, West, South, North of the Mediterranean (1350-1750)
Post doctoral staff
- Prof Borja Franco Llopis
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Supervision and teaching
Supervision and teaching
Supervision
Current doctoral researchers
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ANNE BIGGS
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HILARY FUREY
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JAVIER VICENTE ARENAS
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RAQUEL VILLAR-PEREZ
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TREVOR WORNHAM
Doctoral alumni
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MICHAEL POPE
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RICHARD TILBURY
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MAIRI MACDONALD
Teaching
Teaching modules
- The Arts: Perspectives and Possibilities (ARAR008S3)
- Memory and History (ARCL065S7)
- Interrogating the Self (ARCL066S7)
- Connecting the Arts (AREN126S5)
- Doing Languages, Cultures and Applied Linguistics (ARLL004S4)
- Word and Image: Constructing the Other in the Hispanic World (Level 5) (ARLL005S5)
- Studying the Hispanic, Luso-Brazilian and Native American Worlds (LNLN016S4)
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Publications
Publications
Article
- Fracchia, Carmen and Macartney, H. (2012) The fall into oblivion of the works of the slave painter Juan de Pareja. Art In Translation 4 (2), pp. 163-184. ISSN 1756-1310.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2009) La problematización del blanqueamiento visual del cuerpo africano en la España imperial y en nueva España. Revista Chilena de Antropología Visual 14, pp. 67-82. ISSN 0717-876X.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2004) (Lack of) visual representation of black slaves in Spanish golden age painting. Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies 10 (1), pp. 23-34. ISSN 1470-1847.
- Fracchia, Carmen (1999) Gaspar Becerra: a Spaniard in the workshop of Daniele da Volterra. The Sculpture Journal 3, pp. 6-13. ISSN 1366-2724.
- Fracchia, Carmen (1998) El retablo mayor de la Catedral de Astorga. un concurso escultórico en la España del Renacimiento. Archivo Español de Arte 71 (282), pp. 157-165. ISSN 0004-0428.
- Fracchia, Carmen (1998) La herencia italiana de Gaspar Becerra en el retablo mayor de la Catedral de Astorga. Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte 10, pp. 133-151. ISSN 1130-5517.
- Fracchia, Carmen (1983) Documenti della sala del risorgimento del palazzo comunale di Siena. Bullettino senese di Storia Patria 90, pp. 239-248.
Book
- Fracchia, Carmen (2019) Black but human: slavery and visual arts in Hapsburg Spain, 1480-1700. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198767978.
Book Section
- Fracchia, Carmen (2018) Picturing the Afro-Hispanic struggle for freedom in early modern Spain. In: Branche, J. (ed.) Post/Colonialism and the Pursuit of Freedom in the Black Atlantic. Routledge Studies on African and Black Diaspora. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 9781138061477.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2016) The place of African slaves in early modern Spain. In: Spicer, A. and Stevens Crawshaw, J. (eds.) The Problem and Place of the Social Margins. Routledge Studies in Cultural History. Oxford, UK: Routledge. ISBN 9781138790728.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2014) La mulata, de Velázquez. In: Martín Casares, A. and Periáñez Gómez, R. (eds.) Mujeres esclavas y abolicionistas en la España de los siglos XVI-XIX.. Tiempo Emulado. Historia de América y España. Frankfurt, Germany and Madrid, Spain: Iberoamericana/Vervuert. pp. 17-32. ISBN 9788484897965.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2013) Metamorphosis of the self in early modern Spain: slave portraiture and the case of Juan de Pareja. In: Lugo-Ortiz, A. and Rosenthal, A. (eds.) Slave Portraiture in the Atlantic World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 146-169. ISBN 9781107004399.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2013) Spanish depictions of the miracle of the black leg. In: Zimmerman, K. (ed.) One Leg in the Grave Revisited: The miracle of the transplantation of the black leg by the saints Cosmas and Damian. Eelde, The Netherlands: Barkhuis. pp. 79-91. ISBN 9789491431234.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2012) The urban slave in Spain and New Spain. In: McGrath, E. and Massing, J.M. (eds.) The Slave in European Art From Renaissance Trophy to Abolitionist Emblem. Warburg Institute Colloquia. London, UK: The Warburg Institute. pp. 195-216. ISBN 9781908590435.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2011) Women’s artistic production and their visual representation in early modern Spain. In: Coates, G. and de Ros, X. (eds.) A Companion to Spanish Women’s Studies. Monografías A. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell and Brewer. pp. 129-142. ISBN 9781855662247.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2010) El esclavo negroafricano en las imágenes españolas de los Santos Cosme y Damián. In: Casares, M.A. and Garcia Barranco, M. (eds.) La esclavitud negroafricana en la historia de España, siglos XVI y XVII. Granada, Spain: Comares. pp. 127-149. ISBN 9788498367744.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) Constructing the black slave in early modern Spanish painting. In: Nichols, T. (ed.) Others and Outcasts in Early Modern Europe:Picturing the Social Margins. Abingdon, UK: Ashgate. pp. 179-195. ISBN 9781138254053.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) Depicting the Iberian African in new Spain. In: Andrews, J. and Coroleu, A. (eds.) Mexico 1680: Intellectual and Cultural Life at the Apogee of the Barroco de Indias. Bristol, UK: Hiplam. pp. 45-62. ISBN 9780955240638.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) El olvido de las obras del esclavo pintor Juan de Pareja. In: Siracusano, G. (ed.) Imágenes perdidas: censura, olvido, descuido. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Centro Argentino de Investigadores de Arte. pp. 69-82. ISBN 9789879664445.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2005) Representación de la esclavitud negra en la España imperial y la problematización del par 'original-copia'. In: Siracusano, G. (ed.) Original-Copia…Original?. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Centro Argentino de Investigadores de Arte. pp. 269-279.
- Fracchia, Carmen (2000) Cristofano dell' altissimo. In: Turner, J. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance and Mannerist Art. ISBN 9780333760949.
- Fracchia, Carmen (1996) Cristofano dell' Altissimo. In: The Macmillan Dictionary of Art. London, UK: Macmillan.
Conference Item
- Fracchia, Carmen (2015) The impact of the African presence in early modern Spanish portraiture. Renaissance Society of America, 61st Annual Meeting - Early Modern Hybridity and Globalization: Artistic and Architectural Exchange in the Iberian World, 2015, Berlin, Germany
- Fracchia, Carmen (2013) Velázquez and the case of his slave-painter Juan de Pareja. Velázquez and the case of his slave-painter Juan de Pareja, 2013, St Dunstan’s College, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2013) Whitening the African body in early modern Spain. Art in Translation: Translating Cultures in the Hispanic World, 2013, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2013) The visual representation of Afro-Hispanic slaves in early modern Spain. Literature, Ideas and Society Seminars: Culture and Commodity, 2013, The Warburg Institute, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2012) La metamorfosis de Juan de Pareja. Esclavitud, mestizaje y abolicionismo en el mundo hispánico, 2012, Horizontes Socio-culturales, University of Granada, Spain
- Fracchia, Carmen (2012) Slavery and slaves in early modern Spanish visual culture. On the Margins? Rethinking the Problem and Place of ‘Outsiders’ 1400-1800, 2012, St Anne’s College, Oxford, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2012) Slavery and visual culture in imperial Spain. European History 1500-1800 Seminar, 2012, University of London and Institute of Historical Research, University of London, Senate House, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2012) The emergence of early modern slavery and the problematization of whiteness in the visual form in imperial Spain. Old and New Ethnicities: Conflicts and Communities, 2012, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2011) Afro-hispanos en la pintura de Velázquez: la mulata y Juan de Pareja. 3rd Internacional Congress of Afroeurope@ns, Afroeurope@s: Culturas e Identidades’, 2011, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Fracchia, Carmen (2011) Slave subjectivity in imperial Spain. Representations of Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2011, Southern Historical Association, Baltimore-Maryland, USA
- Fracchia, Carmen (2011) Slavery and visuality in imperial Spain: the miracle of the black leg. The Early Modern Society, 2011, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2010) The image of colonial Mexico in Hampshire: the Braemore Casta paintings. 36th Annual Conference of Art Historians: Insular Preconceptions? The Arts of Iberia and Latin America and their Reception in Britain, 2010, University of Glasgow, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2010) The subjectivity of slaves in imperial Spain: the case of slave painter Juan de Pareja. History of Art at the crossroad?, 2010, Department of History of Art, Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2010) The visual formation of slave subjectivity in Spain. Birkbeck Staff Renaissance Research Seminar, 2010, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2009) El esclavo negroafricano en las imágenes españolas de los Santos Cosme y Damián. Los negroafricanos y sus descendientes en España (1492-1866), 2009, University of Granada, Spain
- Fracchia, Carmen (2009) El problema del blanqueamiento en las imágenes del afro-hispano en la España imperial y en nueva España. 53rd International Congress of Americanists: The Peoples of the Americas, Change and Continuity, 2009, Mexico City, Mexico
- Fracchia, Carmen (2009) Questioning slavery in Spain and new Spain. International Conference of the Latin American Studies Association: Rethinking Inequalities, 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fracchia, Carmen (2009) The miracle of the black leg. Birkbeck Research in Representations of Kinship and Community: ‘Conversation’ as Community: On the Stakes of Painting and Photographing the Bonds of Kinship and Community, 2009, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2009) The subjectivity of Afro-Hispanic Slaves in imperial Spain: the case of Juan de Pareja. Department of Iberian and Latin American Studies, 2009, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2008) Arte y esclavitud en la España imperial: el trasplante milagroso de la pierna negra. Arte y esclavitud en la España imperial: el trasplante milagroso de la pierna negra, 2008, Instituto de la Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia López Piñero, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fracchia, Carmen (2008) The Braemore Collection of mexican castas paintings. ARTES: Iberian and Latin American Visual Culture Group, 2008, Braemore House, Wiltshire, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2008) Goya y la guerra de la independencia. The Peninsula War, 2008, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Instituto Cervantes, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2008) La representación visual del esclavo urbano en la España imperial y en nueva España. Instituto de Historia, Centro de Ciencia Humanas y Sociales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008, Madrid, Spain
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) Art and slavery in early modern Spain. Spanish Cultural Institute, 2007, Instituto Cervantes, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) El olvido de las obras del esclavo pintor Juan de Pareja. International Congress of Theory and History of Art, 2007, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) Questioning slave portraiture in early modern Spain: the case of Diego Velázquez and Juan de Pareja. The Early Modern Society, 2007, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) The outsider's gaze: depicting black people in Spain. Imagining Iberia, 2007, King’s College London, University of London, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2007) The urban slave in Spain and new Spain. The Iconography of Slavery in Europe, 1500-1800, 2007, The Warburg Institute, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2006) Becoming the self or somebody else: the case of the Afro-Hispanic slave painter Juan de Pareja. School of Languages, Linguistics and Culture, Research Forum Seminar, 2006, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2006) The hardest graft of all: the miracle of the black leg in early modern Spain. Medicine and the Body Politic, 2006, Centre for Applied Philosophy, Politics and Ethics, University of Brighton, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2005) Representación de la esclavitud negra en la España imperial y la problematización del par 'original-copia'. 3rd International Congress of Theory and History of Art, 2005, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fracchia, Carmen (2005) Representing black slavery in early modern Spanish urban space. 50th Anniversary of the Founding of the Association of Hispanists of Great Britain and Ireland, 2005, Valencia, Spain
- Fracchia, Carmen (2004) Becoming the 'self' or somebody else: slave portraiture in imperial Spain. Invisible Subjects? Slave Portraiture in the Circum-Atlantic World (1660-1890), 2004, Center for Transcultural Visual Studies, Dartmouth College, USA
- Fracchia, Carmen (2004) Depicting African people in colonial Mexico. Research Seminar, 2004, Centre of Latin American Studies, University of Cambridge, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2003) Constructing the black slave in Spanish Golden Age painting. Picturing Poverty: Imagery of the Outcast and Marginal in Early Modern Europe, 2003, History of Art Department and Centre for Early Modern Studies, University of Aberdeen, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2003) Depicting the African Iberian in new Spain. Latin American Identities: Legacies and Possibilities, 2003, Department of Spanish, The National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
- Fracchia, Carmen (2003) Depicting the Iberian African in new Spain. Mexico City 1680: The Artistic and Intellectual World of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz and Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, 2003, Nottingham University, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2003) Representing the slave trade in early modern Spanish urban space. The Topography of Slavery: Re-Membering Metropolitan Space, 2003, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2002) The lack of representation of black people in the Spanish Golden Age painting. Black Diaspora and Europe, 2002, Deptartment of Linguistic, Cultural & International Studies, Roehampton University, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2000) (Lack of) visual representation of black people in Spanish Golden Age painting. Association of Hispanists of Great Britain and Ireland, 2000, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (2000) Velázquez's black leg: Juan de Pareja and the hardest graft of all. Appropriations and Representations of the Body, 2000, School of Critical Theory and Cultural Studies, University of Nottingham, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (1998) Gaspar Becerra: a Spaniard in the workshop of Daniele da Volterra in Rome. Golden-Age and Renaissance Research Seminar, 1998, Spanish Department, University College London, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (1998) La simbología social de los modelos femenino y masculino en la representación visual del cuerpo humano en la España del siglo XVI. Fifth Latin American Congress of History of Science and Technology, Gender, Science and Technology in Latin American History, 1998, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fracchia, Carmen (1997) Gaspar Becerra: a Spaniard in the workshop of Daniele da Volterra. A Splendid Isolation? Spanish Cultural Identity and the Visual Arts 1500-1700, 1997, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (1992) Gaspar Becerra and the high altar of Astorga. Gaspar Becerra and the high altar of Astorga, 1992, History of Art Department, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen (1991) The sculptural work of Gaspar Becerra. The sculptural work of Gaspar Becerra, 1991, History of Art Department, University College London, University of London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen The African presence and black confraternities in early modern Spain. Transatlantic Roundtable on Religion and Race (TRRR) International Conference - Repairing Community: Faith-Based Responses to Racial Disparities and Conflict, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen Black slaves in early modern Spain: from commodities to freedom. Early Modern Material Cultures Seminar, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen Depicting the emergence of the Afro-Hispanic subject and the formation of the black nation in early modern Spain. Research Seminar. Department of Cultures and Languages, School of Arts, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen From the grave: the desire to be healed. Silvering the Cerebrum, A Symposium investigating Art, Science and brain banking, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen Juan de Pareja: a slave-painter at the Spanish Court in Seventeenth-Century Madrid. The London Art History Society at the Art Workers' Guild, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen Negros… pero humanos. Esclavitud y arte en la España Imperial. Facultad de Letras y Filosofía. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Fracchia, Carmen Picturing "Blackness" in Imperial Spain. Reconfiguring Black Europe, London, UK
- Fracchia, Carmen Picturing the Afro-Hispanic struggle for freedom in early modern Spain. Post/Colonialism and the Pursuit of Freedom in the Black Atlantic, Pittsburgh, U.S.